What Causes Bipolar Disorder? Understanding the Genetic, Medical, and Psychological Factors

If you or a loved one is living with bipolar disorder, you may have asked the question: What causes bipolar disorder? While researchers have not identified a single cause, evidence shows it develops from a mix of genetic, medical, psychological, and environmental influences.

Understanding these factors can help reduce stigma and encourage people to seek professional help. At Lindner Center of Hope, our team specializes in diagnosing and treating bipolar disorder and other mood conditions with proven, compassionate care.

What Role Do Genetics Play?

Family history is one of the strongest risk factors for bipolar disorder. If an immediate family member or twin has a mood disorder, risk increases significantly. Genetic susceptibility appears to involve the interactions of many genes with small effects rather than one simple gene with a major effect. Researchers also point to gene-related changes in brain chemistry that affect mood, sleep, and stress regulation. Having a genetic predisposition does not guarantee bipolar disorder will develop. It simply increases vulnerability.

Can Medical Conditions Cause Bipolar Disorder?

Yes. Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid or neurological disorders, can affect brain chemistry in ways that trigger mood episodes. Additionally, side effects from some medications may contribute to symptoms. This is why a thorough clinical evaluation is essential, so that both bipolar disorder and any underlying medical issues can be addressed.

How Do Life Experiences and Stress Contribute?

Psychological and psychosocial influences are also important. Traumatic experiences, childhood abuse, early loss, or difficulties with attachment may increase vulnerability. Even without trauma, ongoing stress, unstable relationships, or significant life changes can make symptoms worse. Faulty or negative thought patterns may further reinforce mood instability. It’s important to note that bipolar disorder is not caused by weakness or personal character flaws. It results from the interaction of biology and environment.

What Causes Bipolar 2 Disorder?

Bipolar II Disorder, in which individuals experience recurring depressive episodes along with hypomania, which is a less intense form of mania, has largely the same causes as bipolar I disorder: genetics, brain chemistry, medical influences, and life stressors.

Available Treatment for Bipolar Disorder

While the causes are complex, effective treatment is available. At Lindner Center of Hope, we offer progressive, proven options for managing bipolar disorder and related mood conditions including depression, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), postpartum depression, and more.

Our team provides accurate diagnosis, evidence-based therapies, and ongoing support to help patients lead stable, fulfilling lives.

If you or someone you love is struggling with the symptoms of bipolar disorder, the Lindner Center of Hope offers expert diagnosis and treatment options. Read more about our bipolar disorder treatment programs or contact us today to learn more about how we can help.

 

Content reviewed by:

Mary Jo Pollock, PMHCNS-BC

Advanced Practice Nurse, Outpatient Department

Lindner Center of Hope